Major legal systems in the world today
Szerző: David, RenéTovábbi szerző: Brierley, John E. C.
Cím: Major legal systems in the world today
Alcím: An introduction to the comparative study of law
Megjelenési adatok: Stevens & Sons, London, 1985. | ISBN: 0-420-47350-5
Megjegyzés: Third Edition
The publication in English of my book on the major systems of contemporary law gives me great pleasure—and for a reason I do not hesitate to state here. I am convinced that it is absolutely essential at the present time to develop comparative legal studies, and I believe that this book, such as it has been conceived, provides the necessary basis for a study of comparative law. I wish to thank Professor C. M. Schmitthoff, on whose initiative the publishers first became interested in the English-language publication of the work. I would also especially like to thank Professor John E. C. Brier-ley, who was kind enough to undertake the translation and adaptation. To do so it would not have sufficed, as the uninitiated might think, to be thoroughly conversant with English and French. It was also necessary to be a comparatist and to understand the many legal terms peculiar to the different systems studied. Few people could have translated what I have written with as much understanding as Professor Brierley has. To show my appreciation of the very considerable and intricate work that he has carried out, it seemed to me only just that this work appear under our two names—although this alone cannot repay my debt of gratitude. This is a translation and adaptation of Professor Rene David's Les Grands systemes de droit contemporains which was originally based on the second French edition of 1966, published by Librairie Dalloz in the series known as Precis Dalloz. It has been revised largely in the light of changes made by Professor David and Professor Camille Jauffret-Spinosi in the eighth French edition of 1982. The adaptation to an English readership has involved certain changes in the text itself as well as alterations and additions to the notes and bibliography.
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Cover page
Front page
[4]
Impress
[5]
Preface to the First English Edition
v
Note to the Third English Edition
v
Table of Contents
vii-xii
List of Abbreviations
xiii-xvi
Introduction
1-31
1. Outline
1
Section I—Comparative Law
1-17
2. Development of comparative law
1-3
3. Beginnings of comparative law—its importance now
3-4
4. Legal history, legal philosophy, general legal theory
4-6
5. Understanding and improving national law
6-8
6. International understanding: international law
8-10
7. Private international law
10
8. International unification of law
10-11
9. Role of comparatists
11-13
10. Comparative law and sociology of law
13-14
11. Sources of law
14-15
12. Structure of law
15-16
13. Conclusion
16-17
Section II—The Idea of a Family of Laws
17-21
14. Diversity of contemporary laws
17-18
15. Variable and constant elements in law
18-20
16. Criterion for the classification of laws into families
20-21
Section III—Legal Families in the World Today
22-31
17. Outline
22
18. Romano-Germanic family
22-24
19. Common law family
24-25
20. Relations between these two families
25-26
21. Family of socialist laws
26-27
22. Other systems
27-28
23. Muslim, Hindu, and Jewish laws
28-29
24. Far East
29-30
25. Black Africa and Malagasy Republic
30-31
PART ONE - THE ROMANO-GERMANIC FAMILY
33-154
26. Characteristics of this family
33-34
TITLE I - Historical Formation of the System
35-79
27. Outline
35
Chapter I - Customary Law Period
36-61
28. Reign of Roman law: its decline
36-38
29. Renaissance of the idea of law
39-40
Section I—Ius Commune of the Universities
40-49
30. The law as a model of social organisation
40-42
31. Prestige of Roman law
42
32. Teaching of national laws
43
33. The usus modernus pandectarum
43-45
34. Ius commune and common law
45-46
35. Law and reason: the natural law school
46-49
Section II—National or Regional Laws
49-61
36. Return to the idea of law
49-50
37. Possible future developments
50-51
38. Revival of Roman law studies and its reception
51-52
39. Necessary evolution of custom
53-54
40. Means of expansion of the continental Roman Common law
54-56
41. Official and private compilations
56-57
42. French parlements
57-58
43. The Deutsches Privatrecht
58-60
44. Latin countries
60-61
45. Legislation
61
Chapter II - The Period of Legislative Law
63-74
46. Growth of public law
63
47. Codification
63-65
48. Merits of codification
65
49. Regrettable consequences of codification
65-
50. Legislative positivism and legal nationalism
66-67
51. New tendencies
67-69
52. Continual change of the system
69-70
53. Historically transient factors of diversity
70-71
54. "Latin" and "Germanic" laws
71-72
55. The secession of the socialist laws
72-74
Chapter III - Expansion Beyond Europe
75-79
56. The new world
75-76
57. Africa and Malagasy (Madagascar)
76-77
58. Asia and Indonesia
77-79
TITLE II - Structure of the Law
80-101
59. Outline
80
Chapter I - Divisions and Concepts
81-93
60. Public law and private law
81-83
61. Weakness of public law
83-84
62. Different branches of law
84-
63. Private law
85-86
64. Law of obligations
86-87
65. Public law
87-89
66. Originality of certain concepts
89-90
67. Unification of civil and commercial law
90-91
68. The "general part" of the civil law
91-93
Chapter II - Concept of the Legal Rule
94-101
69. Unity of the system
94
70. Formulation of the legal rule
95-96
71. Optimum generality of the rule
96-97
72. Legal interpretation and the technique of "distinguishing"
97-98
73. Predictability and certainty of the law
98-100
74. Real importance of secondary rules
100-101
TITLE III - Sources of Law
102-154
75. Difficulties of the subject
102
76. Theory and reality
102-103
77. Persistence of the tradition
103-105
78. Technique and policy of decided cases
105-106
79. Unity of western law
106-107
Chapter I - Legislation
108-129
80. Present primacy of legislation
108-
81. Constitutional rules
108-111
82. Treaties
111
83. Codes
111-113
84. Codes and statutes
113-114
85. Regulations and decrees
114-116
86. Administrative directives
116-117
87. Legislative style
117
88. Interpretation of legislation
117-118
89. Facts and their appreciation
118-119
90. New textual meaning
119
91. French approach
120-121
92. German approach
121-122
93. Nordic countries
123-124
94. Critical assessment
124-125
95. Common principles of interpretation
125-128
96. Conclusion
128-129
Chapter II - Custom
130-132
97. The idea of custom
130-131
98. The practical role of custom
131-132
Chapter III - Decided Cases
133-146
99. Criterion for evaluating the role of decided cases
133-134
100. Obedience of judges to statute law
134-135
101. Significance of judicial precedents
136-137
102. Organisation of the courts
137-139
103. Judges
139-141
104. Reports of judicial decisions
141
105. Style of judicial decisions
141-142
106. Dissenting judicial opinions
142-143
107. Uniformity of judicial decisions
143-144
108. Binding precedents
144-145
109. Administrative practice
146
Chapter IV - Legal Writing
147-149
110. Fundamental importance of "doctrine"
147-148
111. French and German law
148-149
112. Latin countries
149
Chapter V - Super-eminent Principles
150-154
113. General principles of legislation
150-152
114. Super-eminent principles not provided for by legislation
152-154
PART TWO - SOCIALIST LAWS
155-306
115. Originality of socialist laws
155-157
116. Geographical area
157-158
TITLE I - Historical Evolution
159-224
117. Outline
159
Chapter I - The Legal Tradition
160-168
118. Importance of subject
160
Section I—Russian Law before 1917
160-166
119. The Russia of Kiev: Russkaia Pravda and Byzantine law
160-161
120. The Mongol domination
161-162
121. The code of 1649
162-163
122. Peter the Great and his successors
163
123. The Svod Zakonov (1832)
163-164
124. Russian law in the Romano-Germanic family
164
125. Weakness of the Russian legal tradition
165-166
Section II—Other Socialist Countries
166-168
126. General characteristics
166-167
127. Countries of western tradition
167
128. The Balkan states
167-168
129. Conclusion
168
Chapter II - Marxism-Leninism
169-180
130. Marxism: basic doctrine of Soviet society
169-170
131. Evolution and progress: historical materialism
170-171
132. Infrastructure and superstructure
171-172
133. Marxist concept of state and law
172-173
134. Prediction of a society without law
173-175
135. The Marxist doctrine of action
175
136. Marxism-Leninism
175-176
137. The importance of Marxism-Leninism
176-178
138. Relations between Soviet and foreign jurists
178-180
Chapter III - The New Order
181-224
139. Soviet Union and other countries
181
Section I—Soviet Law Since 1917
181-196
140. The Bolshevik revolution
181-183
§ 1. From Bourgeois to Socialist State
183-188
141. Period of revolutionary communism, 1917-1921
183-184
142. New Economic Policy (N.E.P.), 1921-1928
184-185
143. Return to legality
185-186
144. Abandonment of the N.E.P.
186
145. Total collectivisation of the economy
186-187
146. Maintenance of the law
188
§ 2. From Socialist State to Communist Society
188-196
147. Prolongation of the socialist state
188
148. Obstacles to the realisation of communism
189-191
149. The three tasks of Soviet law
191
150. Economic power: organisation of production
191-193
151. The re-education of man
194-195
152. Interest of Soviet law for non-socialist countries
195-196
Section II—Other Socialist Countries
196-208
153. General characteristics
196-197
154. Respect for law
197-198
155. Survival of former law
198-199
156. Renewal of the law
199-200
157. Collectivisation
200-202
158. Planning
202
159. Yugoslav criticism of the Stalinist policy
202-204
160. Yugoslav constitutions
204-205
161. Self-management of enterprises
205-206
162. Withering away of the state
206
163. Influence of Yugoslav revisionism
206-207
164. Cohesion of the Marxist-Leninist countries
207-208
Section III—The Principle of Socialist Legality
208-224
165. Position of the problem
208-209
§ 1. Meaning of the Principle
209-215
166. Existence of a socialist law
209
167. Meaning of the word "socialist"
209-210
168. Affirmation of the principle of socialist legality
210-211
169. State enterprises
211
170. Imperative nature of Soviet law
212-213
171. Socialist laws and natural law
213-214
172. The provisional character of socialist law
214-215
§ 2. Guarantees of the Principle
215-224
173. Soviet conception of the problem
215-216
174. The Prokuratura
216-217
175. The role of general supervision
217-219
176. The role of collaboration with the courts
219-220
177. Other socialist countries
220-221
178. People's Control Commission
221
179. Advocates: the Advokatura in the U.S.S.R.
221-224
180. Other socialist countries
224
TITLE II - Sources of Socialist Law
225-280
181. Introduction
225-
Chapter I - Legislation
226-243
182. Pre-eminence of legislation
226
Section I—The Soviet Union
226-240
183. Rejection of the separation of powers
226-228
184. Application of the principle
228-230
185. Soviet federalism
230-231
186. Fundamental principles of law and recent codes
231-232
187. Ordinances of the Praesidium
232
188. Other types of regulation
232-233
189. Role of government administration in Soviet economy
233-234
190. Regulations and departmental instructions
234
191. Administrative acts and contracts
235
192. Difficulties of documentation
235-236
193. Interpretation and application of the law
237-239
194. Authentic interpretation of the law
239-240
Section II—Other Socialist Countries
240-243
195. Place of legislation
240-241
196. Codification
241-242
197. Interpretation of legislation
242-243
198. Publicity of the law
243
Chapter II - Decided Cases
243-273
Section I—The Soviet Union
244-266
199. The Soviet concept
244
§ 1. Judicial Organisation
244-251
200. The hierarchy of courts
244-245
201. Judicial personnel
245
202. System for the election of judges
246-247
203. The collegial principle
247
204. The people's assessors
247-248
205. Special courts
248-249
206. Remedies against judgments
249-250
207. Multiplicity of judicial levels
250-251
208. The role of the U.S.S.R. Supreme Court
250-251
§ 2. Extra-Judicial Contentious Procedures
251-261
209. Importance of extra-judicial contentious procedures
251-252
A.-Arbitration
252-258
210. Various forms of arbitration
252
211. Public arbitration
252-253
212. Practical necessity of this institution
253-254
213. Different types of public arbitration
254
214. State arbitration
254-255
215. Departmental arbitration
255
216. Arbitration commissions
255-256
217. Consultations and directives
256
218. The extent of public arbitration
256-257
219. Private arbitration
257
220. International commercial arbitration
257-258
B.-Appeals to People's Organisations
259-261
221. Reason for these procedures
259-260
222. Comrades' courts and community meetings
260-261
§ 3. Role of Judicial Decisions
261-266
223. Soviet concept
261-262
224. Supremacy of enacted law
262-264
225. Real importance of decided cases
264-265
226. Educational role of decided cases
265-266
Section II—Other Socialist Countries
266-273
227. Comparison with U.S.S.R.
266-267
228. Hierarchy of courts
267-268
229. Public arbitration
268-270
230. Election of judges
270
231. People's assessors
270-271
232. System of remedies
271-272
233. Role of decided cases
272-273
Chapter III - Custom and Rules of Socialist Community Life
274-276
234. Custom
274-275
235. The rules of socialist community life
275-276
Chapter IV - Doctrinal Writing
277-280
236. Marxism-Leninism
277
237. Doctrinal writing properly speaking
277-279
238. Other socialist countries
279-280
TITLE III - Structure of the Law
281-306
239. Originality of socialist laws
281
Chapter I - Divisions of Socialist Law
282-289
240. Formal resemblance to bourgeois laws
282
241. Constitutional law
282-283
242. Other branches of law
283-284
243. Private law
284
244. Administrative law
285-286
245. Rejection of the public law—private law distinction
286-287
246. Mandatory character of law
287-288
247. Search for new systematics
288-289
Chapter II - Socialist Legal Concepts
290-306
248. Domination of Marxist doctrine
290-
Section I—Ownership
290-295
249. Bourgeois and socialist concepts
290-291
250. Difficulties of comparison
291-292
251. Personal ownership
292-293
252. Collective ownership
293-294
253. State ownership
294-295
Section II—Contracts
296-303
254. Different function of contract: economic contracts
296-297
255. Socialist economic planning and capitalist financial direction
297
256. Planned and unplanned contracts
297-298
257. The legally imposed contract
298-299
258. The economically necessary contract
299-300
259. Role of contract
300-301
260. Formation of contracts
301
261. Performance of contracts
301-302
262. Conclusion
303
Section III—Most-Favoured Nation Clause
303-306
263. New aspect of the question
303-304
264. Meaning of the clause in a socialist economy
304-306
265. Possible solutions
306
PART THREE - THE COMMON LAW
307-452
266. Basic importance of English law
307
TITLE I - English Law
308-396
267. Geographical area
308
Chapter I - History of English Law
309-332
268. Historical character of English law
309-310
Section I—Anglo-Saxon Period
310-311
269. Germanic laws
310-311
Section II—Formation of the Common Law (1066-1485)
311-323
270. Norman conquest (1066)
311
271. Feudalism in England
311-312
272. Definition of common law
312-313
273. Jurisdiction of royal courts
313-314
274. Extension of royal jurisdiction
314-315
275. Writs
315-316
276. "Remedies precede rights"
316-317
277. Contemporary interest of this history
317
278. Emphasis upon procedure
317-318
279. Example drawn from law of contract
318-320
280. Categories and concepts of English law
320-321
281. Wasting away of private law
321
282. Substantive law: reception of Roman law impossible
321-323
Section III—Growth of Equity (1485-1832)
324-330
283. Need for reform of common law
324
284. Appeal to royal authority
324-325
285. Equity under the Tudors
325-326
286. Compromise between common law and equity (1616)
326-328
287. Dual structure of English law
328
288. Absorption of the ley merchant by the Common law
328-329
289. Legal writing and law reports
329-330
Section IV—Modern Period
330-332
290. 19th century reforms
330-331
291. Twentieth century: common law in the welfare state
331-332
Chapter II - Structure of English Law
333-365
292. Importance of legal structure
333-334
293. Categories and concepts
334-335
294. The legal rule
335
Section I—Legal Divisions and Concepts
335-358
295. Importance of legal categories
335-336
296. Originality of categories and concepts of English law
336-337
297. Historical explanation of English legal structure
337-338
298. Role of the universities
338-339
§ 1. Common Law and Equity
339-347
299. A fundamental distinction
339-340
300. Origin of equity
340
301. "Equity follows the law"
340-341
302. Applications of equity
341-343
303. "Equity acts in personam"
343
304. Discretionary character of equitable remedies
343
305. Procedure in chancery
344
306. Common law and equity
344-345
307. The Judicature Acts, 1873-1875
345
308. Equity since 1875
345-347
§ 2. Trusts
347-352
309. The trust mechanism
347-348
310. Analysis of trust
348-350
311. Legal nature of the rights of cestui
350
312. Romanist concept of ownership
350-351
313. English concept of estates
351
314. Joint tenancy and tenancy in common
351-352
§ 3. Importance of Adjective Law
352-358
315. Tendencies of Romanist jurists
352-353
316. Different character of English law
353-354
317. Present English procedure
354-355
318. Attitude of English jurists
355-357
319. Justice and administration
357-358
Section II—Concept of the Legal Rule
358-365
320. Concept of judge-made legal rule
358-359
321. Examples
359-360
322. "Open" and "closed" systems
360-361
323. Abnormal character of legislative rules
361-362
324. "Inflation" of law
362-364
325. "Imperative" law and "suppletive" rules
364-365
Chapter III - Sources of English Law
366-396
326. Justification of the analysis
366
Section I—Decisions of the Courts
367-382
§ 1. English Judicial Organisation
367-376
327. Classes of courts
367
328. Superior courts: the Supreme Court of Judicature
367-369
329. The House of Lords
369-370
330. Judicial Committee of the Privy Council
370
331. Lower courts
370-372
332. "Quasi-judicial" disputes
372-373
333. Judicial authority in England
373-374
334. Concentration of judicial power
374-375
335. Absence of Ministère Public
375-376
§ 2. Rule of Precedent
376-382
336. Differences with continental Europe
376-377
337. Meaning and scope of the rule
377-378
338. Form of English judgments
378-379
339. The technique of distinguishing cases
379
340. Example drawn from contracts inter absentes
379-381
341. Rule of precedent in Equity
381
342. Rule of precedent and statute law
381-382
343. Publication and citation of decisions
382
Landauerv. Asser [1905] 2 K.B. 184
382
344. Current judicial reports
382
Section II—Statute Law
383-386
345. Traditional theory
383-384
346. Present importance of legislation
384-385
347. Traditional common law and modern law
385-386
348. Citation of statutes
386
Section III—Custom
386-389
349. General immemorial custom
386-387
350. Local and commercial custom
387-388
351. Real importance of custom
388-389
Section IV—Legal Writing and Reason
389-391
352. Open and closed systems
389-390
353. Legal principles
390
354. Elements of a rational decision
390-391
Section V—Conclusions
391-396
355. Custom
391-392
356. Legislation
392
357. Rule of precedent
392-393
358. Technique of distinctions
393-394
359. Legal writing
394-395
360. Reason
395-396
TITLE II - Law of the United States of America
397-452
361. Expansion of English law
397
Chapter I - History of American Law
398-406
362. Historical factors: the rule in Calvin's case
398
363. Americian law in the seventeenth century
399-400
364. The eighteenth
400
365. American Indepence
400-402
366. Triumph of the Common law
402-403
367. Reasons for differences
403-404
368. English influence
404-
369. Originality of Americian law
405-406
Chapter II - Structure of American Law
407-423
370. American and English law
407
Section I—Federal Law and State Law
408-421
371. Two-fold problem
408
372. Principle of state legistative competence
409
373. Breadth and Diversity of State Law
409-410
374. Residual state jurisdiction
410-411
375. Is there a "United States Common law"?
411-412
376. Judiciary Act 1789
412-413
377. Doctrine in Swift v. Tyson (1842)
413-414
378. Erie Railroad Company v. Tompkins (1938)
414-415
379. Real signifiance of this decision
415-416
380. Institutional factors
416-417
381. Prevailling attitudes of American lawyers
417-418
382. Conclusion
418-419
383. Legistative authority of Congress
419
384. Conflict of laws
419-421
Section II—Other Structural Differences
421-423
385.
421
386. Equity in the United States
421-422
387. Constitutional and administrative law
422
388. Other Subjects
422
389. Legal vocabulary
423
Chapter III - Sources of American Law
424-452
390. Originality of American law
424
Section I—Decisions of the Courts
424-439
391. English and American law
424-425
§ 1. Judical Organisation
425-430
392. Federal and state courts
425
393. Federal courts
425-427
394. State courts
427-428
395. The jury
428
396. Relationship of the two structures
428
397. Decentralisation of judicial power
429-430
§ 2. American Legal Profession
430-434
398. The legal profession
430
399. American law schools
431-432
400. American lawyers
432-433
401. American judges
433-434
§ 3. The Rule of Stare Decisis
434-439
402. Stare decisis and American federal structure
434-435
403. Repudiation of precedent
435-436
404. Real meaning of stare decicis
436-437
405. A systematic staement of the Common law
437-439
Section II—Statute Law
439-452
406. American constitution
439
407. Marbury v. Madison (1803)
440-441
408. Constitutionality of judicial decisions
441
409. The idea of the United States Constitution
442
410. Interpretation of the United States Constitution
442-443
411. The commerce clause
444-445
412. Due process of law
445-446
413. Equal protection of the laws
446
414. Cruel and unusual punishment
446-447
415. Ordinary statutory interpretation
447-448
416. Administrative law
448-449
417. American codes
449-450
418. Desire for uniformity of America law
450-451
419. Uniform state laws
451
420. Developement of federal law
451-452
PART FOUR - OTHER CONCEPTIONS OF LAW AND THE SOCIAL ORDER
453-576
421. Their signifiance
453-454
TITLE I - Muslim Law
455-483
422. The close link between law and religion
455-456
423. The law's structure
456
Chapter I - Immutable Basis of Muslim Law
457-465
424. Various sources of law
457
425. The Koran and the Sunna
457
426. The ijmă'
457-458
427. Muslim rites
458-459
428. Practical significance of ijmă'
459-460
429. The taklid
460-461
430. Analogical reasoning
461-462
431. Rejection of other sources
462-463
432. Characteristics of Muslim law
463
433. Comparison with Canon law
463-465
434. Inadaptability of fikh to modern society
465
Chapter II - Adaptation of Muslim Law to the Modern World
466-472
435. Permanent authority of Muslim law
466
436. Possibilities of adapting to the modern world
466-467
437. Recourse to custom
467-468
438. The use of contract
468-469
439. Legal stratagems fictions
469
440. Intervention of authority
470
441. Modernist tendency
471-472
Chapter III - Law of Muslim Countries
473-483
442. Muslim law is not applied on an integral basis
473
443. Statut personnel and other subjects
474
444. Judicial organisation
474-475
445. Characteristics of contemorary development
475
446. Westernisation of law
475-476
447. Codification of statut personnel
476-477
448. Decline of traditional courts
478-479
449. Diversity of existing laws
479-481
450. Muslim law and westrnisation
481-483
TITLE II - Law of India
484-515
451. Definition of Hindu law
484
Chapter I - Law of the Hindu Community
485-500
452. Sastras
485-486
453. Dharma
486-487
454. Dharmasastras and Nibandhas
487
455. Dharma and custom
487-488
456. Legistation and judical decisions
488-489
457. Modern doctrine
489-490
458. Muslim domination
490
459. English rule
490-491
460. Recourse to the pandits
491-492
461. Appeal to other methods
492-493
462. Deformation of Hindu law
493-495
463. Containment of Hindu law
495
464. British legistation in India
496
465. Independence
496-498
466. Nature of this evoluion
498-499
467. Hindu law or law of India?
499-500
468. New law and traditional mores
500
Chapter II - National Law of India
501-515
469. Definition of Indian law
501
470. Notion of lex loci
501-502
471. Lex loci in the "Presidency Towns"
502-503
472. Lex loci in the mofussil: first period
503-505
473. Second period: codification
505-506
474. Reception of English law
506-507
475. Originality of Indian law
507-508
476. Membership in the common law family
508-510
477. Differences compared to English law
510-511
478. Indepence: confirmation of previous law
511
479. Constitutional law
511-514
480. Judicial organisation and rule of precedent
514-515
TITLE III - Laws of the Far East
516-546
481. General remarks
516-517
Chapter I - Chinese Law
518-533
482. Cosmic order and harmony
518-519
483. Minor role of law
519-521
484. Confucianism: primacy of rites
521
485. The legalists
522-523
486. Codification
523
487. Persistence of traditional ideas
523-524
488. Communist China
524
489. First years: the Soviet model
525-526
490. Marxism-Maoism
526-528
491. Rehection of legality
528-529
492. New tendencies
529-531
493. Legislation, judicial decisions, doctrine
531
494. Developement after Mao
531-532
495. Chinese concept of international law
532-533
Chapter II - Japanese Law
534-546
496. Historical factors
534-535
497. Decadence of the Ritsu-Ryō
536-537
498. Absence of the idea of law. The giri
537-538
499. Meiji Era: westernisation of Japanese law
538-540
500. Westernisation of Japanese
540-541
501. Public law
541
502. Private law
542-543
503. Importance of conciliation
543-545
504. Social realities and law. Future of Japanese law
545-546
TITLE IV - Laws of Africa and Malagasy
547-576
505. Outline
547
Chapter I - Customary Basis of the Law
548-554
506. Importance and variety of customs
548-549
507. African concept of the social order
549-550
508. Procedures
550-551
509. Ascertainment of custom
551-552
510. Christian and Islamic influences
552-554
511. The example of Ethiopia
554
Chapter II - Colonial Period
555-563
512. Colonial attitude
555-556
Section I—Modern Law
556-560
513. Need for new law
556-559
514. Limitation of the scope of application of custom
557-559
515. Modern African law and families of western law
559-560
Section II—Traditional Law
560-563
516. Evolution of customary law
560-561
517. Role of native courts
561-562
518. Role of modern law courts
562-563
519. Conclusions
563
Chapter III - The Independent Nations
564-576
520. Confirmation of existing law
564-565
521. Recovery of traditional values
565-566
522. Policy of African leaders
566-568
523. Reforms of judicial administration
568-569
524. Custom and modern society
569-570
525. Codification of African law
570-571
526. Continuance of traditional ways of life
571-572
527. Primacy of the idea of development
572-573
528. Problems in the application of law
573-574
529. Danger of European legislation and treaties
574
530. Need for co-ordinated efforts
574-576
APPENDIX I - BIBLIOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION
577-609
Section I—Bibliographical Tools
577-578
Section II—Comparative Law Reviews
578-580
a) In English
577-578
b) In French
579
c) In German
580
d) In Spanish
580
e) In Italian
580
Section III—General Introductory Works on Comparative Law and Foreign Laws
580-587
a) In English
580-582
b) In French
582-584
c) In German
585-586
d) In Spanish
586
e) In Italian
586
f) In several languages
587
Section IV—Encyclopaedias of Comparative Law
587-589
(A) Encyclopaedias
587-588
(B) Miscellanies
588-589
Section V—Romano-Germanic Family
589-595
(A) Reviews and Periodicals
589-590
(B) Formation and History of Romanist Laws
589-590
(C) Laws of Continental Europe (excetp the Nordic Group)
591-592
(D) Laws of the Nordic Countries
592-593
(E) Laws of Latin America
593-594
(F) Canon Law
594
(G) "Mixed" Law
594-595
Section VI—Family of Socialist Laws
595-599
(A) Bibliographies
595-596
(B) Reviews and Periodicals
596-597
(C) General Works
597-599
(a) In English
597-598
(b) In French
598-599
(c) In Spanish
599
(d) In German
599
(b) In Italian
599
Section VII—Common Law Family
600-602
(a) In English
600
(b) In German
600-601
(c) In Spanish
601
(d) In French
601
(e) In Italian
602
Section VIII—Other Conceptions of Law and the Social Order
602-609
(A) In General
602
(B) Islamic Law and Muslim Countries
602-603
(C) Jewish Law and the Law of Israel
603-604
(D) The Law of India
604
(E) Laws of the Far East
604-606
(F) Laws of Africa and Malagasy (Madagaskar)
606-609
(a) Reviews and Periodicals
606
(b) In English
606-608
(c) In French
608
(d) In Italian
609
Section IX—Unification and Harmonisation of Law
609
APPENDIX II - USEFUL INFORMATION AND REFERENCES
610-613
Section I—Centres of Comparative Law
610
Section II—Comparative Law Studies
610-612
Section III—Comparative Law Libraries
612-613
INDEX
615-624
Verso