"University and universality"

The aim of the presentation is to give an overview of recent studies and research projects concerning the history of universities and their scholars in medieval and early modern times both in Switzerland and in Germany. This comprises an introduction to databases and research on students and scholars which are internationally organized and interconnected with other projects, such as the “Repertorium Academicum Germanicum”. In addition, research concerned with the work of single scholars as well as studies on the history of particular universities and faculties, which are often motivated by anniversaries of the institutions in question, shall be introduced. (...) In the following paper we display the development of writings about universities history in the last 25 years. It is important to underline that we use the name of Hungary as a historical definition. In this case it means the whole territory of the Carpathian Basin, because the current boarders were created in 1920. Since the Hungarian universities were founded late the possibility of attendance at foreign universities represented great importance. Nowadays, we possess a database with more than 100.000 records about Hungarian students who attended foreign universities before 1918. Many source editions, analyses and monographs were published in this topic. The purpose of the following article is to summarize the most notable volumes. (...) The study focuses on the circumstances of establishing of medieval Hungarian universities and analyses the problems of their short period of activity. The author applied many different points of view for the comparing first Hungarian university with the contemporary foundations in the neighbour countries. The author followed the comparative method also in the case of later founded Hungarian universities and made own conclusions. The latest research results on the field of history of universities were also used in the study. (...) Wohlbekannt ist, dass die erste Universitat Ungarns 1367 in Funfkirchen entstand. Die Geschichte der Studium Generale, deren europaische Be-deutung trotz ihres kurzen Bestehens zweifellos ist, ist von der Geschichte der Stadt und der Diozese untrennbar. 1978 wurde ein bedeutendes mittelalterliches Gebaude wahrend der auf dem Gebiet der mittelalter-lichen Bischofsburg zu Funfkirchen von Gyozo Gero und Maria Sandor geleiteten archaologischen Freilegungen ans Tageslicht gekommen. Dieses Bauwerk wurde von der Archaologin Maria Sandor nach einem dort gefundenen Wappenstein mit dem mittelalterlichen Universitatsgebaude identifiziert. Am 18. Marz 2014 wurde dieses Gebaude als die Mittelalter-liche Universitat nach den Rekonstruktionsarbeiten geoffnet, in dem die Besucher/innen die mehrhundertjahrige Geschichte der Bischofsburg in Rahmen einer modernen Ausstellung erkennen konnen. In meinem Vor-trag versuche ich die wichtigsten Kenntnisse bezuglich der mittelalterli-chen Universitat von Funfkirchen kurz zusammenzufassen. (...) The university is a genuine intellectual creation of the European Middle Ages. The very first period of the emergence of free associations of scholars and students was in the 13th century. In Southern and Western Europe this model of the unbound universities was successful. At the middle of the 14th century existed about 30 studia generalia in Europa, including the most famous classical schools in Bologna, Paris, Oxford etc. Something like that did not develop in Middle- and Eastern Europe.